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Formation · Devonian · dolomite

Temple Butte Formation

The thin Devonian dolomite that fills ancient channels in the Muav — a survivor of the Grand Canyon's great Cambrian-to-Mississippian gap, bearing early fish.

Also known as: Temple Butte, Temple Butte Limestone

Devonian — the age of fishes

The world back then

Devonian, about 383 million years ago. Out west a shallow sea covers a tidal shelf; out east, tidal channels cut into the older limestone and fill with purple-gray mud. Fish with jaws are just getting going. It's a thin, patchy, in-between world — a survivor from a stretch of time the Grand Canyon otherwise skipped entirely.

Now it's a purplish rock that comes and goes along the wall, and you cruise by it, unhurried. A whole geologic period survives here by filling potholes — and you get to notice it from a boat, doing nothing. The luck of the late, cushy arrival strikes again.

Recognize it in the field

Typical color
purple/reddish-purple to gray
Weathers as
In the eastern canyon, thin, inconspicuous channel-fill lenses in the Muav; in the western canyon, a thicker continuous ledge that merges with the Redwall above.

Look for

  • discontinuous paleochannel fills (east) vs a continuous unit (west)
  • purple/gray dolomite
  • marks a ~100+ Myr gap in the section
  • easily overlooked

How this rock was made

A west-to-east Devonian marine rising sea drowning the land (transgression); the eastern lenses are channel fills.

The setting: shallow just below the tideline (subtidal) open-marine (west); tidal/estuarine channels (east)

0 (absent) to <100 ft (eastern lenses) to ~450 ft (western, continuous).

In the rock record

↑ Younger — rests above

Redwall Limestonea gap in time (disconformity) · Grand Canyon
Temple Butte Formation you are here
Muav Limestonea gap in time (unconformity) · Grand Canyon (channels, eastern; continuous, western)

↓ Older — sits beneath

See the full regional rock columns →

Where to see it

Regions: Grand Canyon

  • Temple Butte and eastern-canyon channel lenses
  • continuous exposures in the western Grand Canyon

Float past it: Grand Canyon